{"id":5361,"date":"2013-09-20T16:36:10","date_gmt":"2013-09-20T14:36:10","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.randform.org\/blog\/?p=5361"},"modified":"2013-09-20T16:36:10","modified_gmt":"2013-09-20T14:36:10","slug":"when-voting-is-on-the-mathstresstest","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.randform.org\/blog\/?p=5361","title":{"rendered":"when voting is on the mathstresstest"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/a> The German Chancellery in Berlin<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

Do you think stable looking democracy in Germany could crumble in a nearer future? No?
\nActually this could take place on sunday.<\/p>\n


\n
\nWe know that there is trouble in Syria and that was one reason why I had recently asked about the voting system in Syria.<\/a> But I had already mentioned here<\/a> that there was more that I got interested in voting systems and the trouble is this time in Germany.<\/p>\n

That is I got serious doubts about the new election law which is currently valid in Germany and according to which the german federal elections will take place on sunday.
\nMy doubts where initiated by comments from Oinki<\/a> and Thorsten<\/a> to a post about the new german voting system<\/a> on the german blog Netzpolitik.<\/p>\n

Tim and me then finally sat down for a couple of hours and tried to understand Germany’s new federal election system. The new system is mostly desribed in \u00a76 of the federal election law. <\/a> The law itself is written in socalled Juristendeutsch.<\/a> So Tim and me had really a hard time to understand the text and hence it may of course be the case that we completely misunderstood the text, however what we understood is rather disturbing.<\/p>\n

We both came to the conclusion that the new law seems to be not only unreconcilable with the german constitution but that in principle it would have been possible for rather small minorities to raise legally to power. This should not necessarily remind of the Machtergreifung<\/a> and the elections of 1932<\/a> – last but not least we still have currently quite a different economical situation in Germany then in 1932 – however the chances for very disturbing election results seem not too small.<\/p>\n

So what’s wrong? Basically we came to the conclusion that there is some problem with the math so let’s review very briefly, where the problem with the voting system is concretely.<\/p>\n

German elections take place in about 300 electoral districts. There are two types of votes. One is for voting a party (the socalled “Zweitstimme”) and one is for voting a candidate (“Erststimme”) in a respective electoral district. All voted Erststimme-candidates are entering the Bundestag. The seats in the german parliament, the Bundestag<\/a> are about 600. They are distributed according to the outcome of the party voting, i.e the Zweitstimme-votes. Every party which had won more then 5% of the Zweitstimme-votes or 3 Erststimme-candidates can enter the Bundestag. It may happen though that the number of seats that a party had gained via the Zweitstimme is smaller than the number of its Erststimme-candidates. In this case all seats of this party are filled up with Erststimme-candidates and the rest of the Erststimme-candidates gets extra seats, namely socalled \u00dcberhangmandate or Overhang seats<\/a>.<\/p>\n

If a party has won more seats from the Zweitstimme than can be filled with Erststimme-candidates then the rest of these seats will be filled with candidates from the socalled party lists. In the old law there was a kind of – I call it – rounding problem with the overhang seats so the supreme court ruled that the old election law had to be renewed. And it is this new regulation of how the overhang seats are regulated which seems to be a problem.<\/p>\n

In this new regulation after a first distribution of votes the overhang seats have to be supplemented until the proportions of the Zweitstimme-votes is reached. This may however pose problems if the share of Zweitstimme-votes is very different from the share of the Erstimme-votes. That is if for example in all over Germany only one single person votes for a party with its Zweitstimme and if one has 43 Million Zweitstimme-votes then the share of Zweitstimme-votes would be 1\/43million (i.e. 1 divided by 43 million). However if this party has won 3 Erststimme-candidates then as what we understood from the law text this would account for as Overhang-votes, because the share of seats for this party is according to Zweitstimme-votes zero if one rounds down and thus one would need to supplement the seats so that 3 seats correspond to a share of 1\/43million or in other words this “refill of overhang seats” would need to consist of 3 times 43 million seats. Quite a bit.<\/p>\n

There is however a restriction. That is refills are only taking place as long as there are candidates on the respective party lists. So for this case it is finally the share of the candidates on the party lists which rules the final proportions in such a vote. But as it seems there are no regulations about the size of the candidates on the party lists and in fact a brief look on some party lists display that sometimes small parties may have the same number of candidates or more than big parties.<\/p>\n

In short:<\/strong><\/span> with a certain strategy a small party could try to win 3 districts and tell its voters not<\/strong> to vote for them in the Zweitstimme and thus depending on how many names they have put on the party lists, win rather many seats.<\/p>\n

So will this happen? Very probably: no. That is if the elections are approximately similar as the last elections then the number of “refill seats” will stay considerably small and sofar no party, which is likely to have Erststimme candidates told its voters not to elect it with its Zweitstimme.<\/p>\n

I write “likely to have” since it may not be so unambigously clear wether there won’t be any parties, which may unexpectedly win in some districts. So for example for the regional election in the region of Uecker-Randow (the region is however smaller than a Bundestagswahldistrict) the Erststimme-candidate of the socalled NPD<\/a> missed majority by about 1600 votes. And it is unfortunately not so clear how the corresponding Bundestagswahl district would vote there, because the districts were reorganized<\/a> for the new elections. Moreover this is just one example I found more or less by try and error. There may be more and it is not so easy to get a good overview. I was lucky to find the number of candidates on party lists of the corresponding region via the regional office for statistics,<\/a> since this kind of information is not available<\/a> on the official website for the elections.<\/p>\n

On the other hand I could imagine that if there would have been a bigger change in residential status between districts then this would have been noticed by our authorities….<\/p>\n

As said we could be wrong with our understanding but it looks very much to us that this new law is not in accordance with the german constitution and that there are small chances that the election on sunday could lead to very disturbing results. For this reason I filed a request to the Bundeswahlleiter<\/a> via Frag den Staat.<\/a> <\/p>\n

Sofar I haven’t gotten an answer.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The German Chancellery in Berlin Do you think stable looking democracy in Germany could crumble in a nearer future? No? Actually this could take place on sunday.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.randform.org\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5361"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.randform.org\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.randform.org\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.randform.org\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.randform.org\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=5361"}],"version-history":[{"count":22,"href":"https:\/\/www.randform.org\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5361\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5384,"href":"https:\/\/www.randform.org\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5361\/revisions\/5384"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.randform.org\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=5361"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.randform.org\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=5361"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.randform.org\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=5361"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}