{"id":4781,"date":"2012-07-15T14:02:49","date_gmt":"2012-07-15T12:02:49","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.randform.org\/blog\/?p=4781"},"modified":"2012-07-15T14:02:49","modified_gmt":"2012-07-15T12:02:49","slug":"reformvorschlage-in-der-sozialversicherung","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.randform.org\/blog\/?p=4781","title":{"rendered":"Reformvorschl\u00e4ge in der Sozialversicherung"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Since randform is an english language blog there are actually not too many german randform readers. That is, according to our blog statistics,  alone the readers from Ukraine and Russia usually exceed on average our german readership (I don&#8217;t know though how much of that should be attributed to bots). So I would like to ask the typical randform reader to excuse this blog post here which is completely about some special kind of clinch with german social politics.<br \/>\nAfter the klick a short english intro about what the post is about and then a rather long text in german, which &#8211; as I was notified by german officials &#8211; is too hard to understand for unbiased third parties.<\/p>\n<p><!--more--><br \/>\n<\/br><\/p>\n<p>As indicated previously I am trying to do some projects e.g. in sustainable design. In this context and in general I was trying to find out how to get a normal income as a freelancer (see e.g. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.randform.org\/blog\/?p=3964\"> here at Inhabitat**<\/a> and <a href=\"http:\/\/www.daytar.de\/art\/MIMIRIX\/\"> here at HTW<\/a>). A big problem is currently health insurance. <\/p>\n<p>I am currently not allowed to earn more money than 375 Euro per month if I don&#8217;t want to have a big jump in my health insurance costs. That is if it should turn out  that I had earned 1 Euro more than the average 375 Euro per month in the course of a year, then I would need to suddenly repay 331.71*12= <strong>3980.52 Euro <\/strong> in health insurance cost for that year. Sounds strange?<\/p>\n<p>The strangeness is due to the fact that german social assurance tarifs are usually calculated in (big) steps. In a recent proposal a somewhat similar step tarif was proposed for the case of a <a href=\"http:\/\/www.sueddeutsche.de\/wirtschaft\/plaene-von-arbeitsministerin-ursula-von-der-leyen-selbstaendige-muessen-kuenftig-fuer-die-rente-vorsorgen-1.1314255\">mandatory pension insurance for freelancers by minister Ursula von der Leyen<\/a>.<br \/>\nAs a consequence of this pension proposal <a href=\"https:\/\/epetitionen.bundestag.de\/index.php?action=petition;sa=details;petition=23835\">a petition against these proposed pension tarifs and against a mandatory pension insurance for freelancers (petition ID 23835) <\/a> was initiated, which was signed by more that 80000 people.<\/p>\n<p>I am not against mandatory social insurances per se, but I have quite a big problem with step tarifs, so I filed an alternative petition which adresses step tarifs in social assurances (I haven&#8217;t yet found the time and energy to dig into german tax laws&#8230;).<\/p>\n<p>About the mandatory character of an insurance: I do think that a -at least partial- mandatory social insurance, which is adequate to real earnings, may make the social problems of freelancing more visible. Morever as a matter of fact it is a good thing that everybody contributes his\/her own share to the sick, old etc. &#8211; a mandatory insurance may allow for this. It is another question though wether one can&#8217;t regulate this with taxes. <\/p>\n<p>Moreover it is an interesting question how mandatory insurances could be resolved in an international context. In particular in my case I had to waive my rights to receive US pension money (although, as I understood I had to pay in pension money) after working in the US and I have no clue what the pension settlements in my Japanese contract were (I am not sure but I think there were no settlements). (See also below annotation about Inhabitat**).<\/p>\n<p>So in short with my petition I do not want to exclude mandatory insurances per se, but more or less leave that question out and concentrate on the step tarifs.<\/p>\n<p>My petition can&#8217;t be found on the <a href=\"https:\/\/epetitionen.bundestag.de\/\">german website with the public petitions<\/a>, because I was notified that the text was considered as being too hard to understand for unbiased third parties. The petition has currently been sent to the ministry for an advisory opinion.<\/p>\n<p>For the interested german speaking randform audience here the hard to understand text, which I had sent in. If you have any comments on how to make the text more readable please let me know in the comment section.<\/p>\n<p>**unfortunately for the time being my work with Inhabitat couldn&#8217;t be extended due to new complicated international tax regulations.<\/p>\n<p>******************************************************************************************************<\/p>\n<p><strong>Wortlaut der Petition:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Der Deutsche Bundestag m\u00f6ge Pflichtbeitr\u00e4ge zu Kranken-, Pflege und Rentenversicherungen und ggfs. andere Pflichtversicherungen durch progressiv, prozentuale Verrechnung  einkommensabh\u00e4ngiger (insbes. keine Beitr\u00e4ge bei Minieinkommen) gestalten. Dies ist eine Umgestaltung der in Petition ID 7923 und Petition ID 23835 angegebenen Vorschl\u00e4ge. Wie in Petition ID 23835 werden Pauschalbeitr\u00e4ge zur Rentenversicherung abgelehnt, Pflichtbeitr\u00e4ge, als solches, jedoch nicht.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Begr\u00fcndung in Onlinegr\u00f6\u00dfe (max. 3000 Zeichen):<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Gestufte Basistarife wie ein Mindestkrankenversicherungssatz k\u00f6nnen f\u00fcr Selbst\u00e4ndige eine \u00fcbergrosse H\u00fcrde darstellen. <\/p>\n<p>Fallbeispiel:<br \/>\nAngenommen die Einnahmen aus selbstst\u00e4ndiger T\u00e4tigkeit betragen 5 Euro\/Stunde. Angenommen die T\u00e4tigkeit betr\u00e4gt 20 Stunden\/Woche. Damit w\u00e4re dies eine hauptberufliche T\u00e4tigkeit mit einem monatlichen Gesamteinkommen von 4*20*5 Euro = 400 Euro. Der Krankenkassenmindestbeitrag errechnet sich daher aus der Mindesteinnahmegrenze von 1968.75 Euro und betr\u00e4gt somit 1968.75 Euro*14,9% = 293.34Euro. Die Pflegeversicherung betr\u00e4gt 1968.75 Euro* 1.85%= 38.39 Euro. D.h. bei einem Einkommen von 400 Euro ergeben sich somit 293.34 Euro + 38.39 Euro = 331.71 Euro Beitragskosten. Bleiben 68.27 Euro von denen andere Versicherungen, Steuer und Altenvorsorge abgehen.<\/p>\n<p>In der Petition mit der ID 7923 von 2009 wird die Abschaffung der Mindesteinnahmegrenze f\u00fcr die Krankenversicherung gefordert. Dieser Forderung schliesst sich diese Petition an und fordert jedoch dar\u00fcber hinaus die Beitragsstufen progressiv, prozentual und einkommensangemessen f\u00fcr alle Sozialversicherungen zu gestalten. D.h. eine prozentuale Abgabe f\u00fcr eine Sozialversicherung sollte insbesondere erst beim Erreichen einer Mindesteinnahmegrenze beginnen (dies wird in Petition ID 7923 nicht explizit ausgeschlossen), dann mit prozentual kleineren Beitragen langsam beginnend (geringe Progression (auch Steigung genannt)) dann immer schneller (hohe Progression) auf z.B. den derzeitigen Satz von derzeit  14,9% bzw 15,5% steigen. Beispielsweise die Funktion f[t_]:= (0.012*t)^(1\/2.4)*Exp[0.0022* t] (auf mathics.org kann die zugeh\u00f6rige Funktionskurve mit dem Befehl: Plot[f[t], {t,500,2000}] im Onlinerechner ausgeplottet werden und nach politischer Willensbildung ge\u00e4ndert werden) liefert f\u00fcr 500 Euro (m\u00f6gliche Mindesteinnahmegrenze) 6.34 Euro, f\u00fcr 800 Euro 14.92 Euro, f\u00fcr 1000 Euro 25.41 Euro, f\u00fcr 1700 Euro 147.90 Euro, f\u00fcr 2000 Euro 306 Euro. Der Einfachheit halber k\u00f6nnte dies auch linear approximiert werden (die Funktionskurve wird durch gerade St\u00fccke angen\u00e4hert), aber je feiner die St\u00fcckelung, desto geringer sind die Beitragsspr\u00fcnge (und damit die Kalkulationssicherheit), besonders bei hoher Progression. Grob gestufte Beitr\u00e4ge, wie derzeit \u00fcblich, m\u00f6gen abgelehnt werden.<\/p>\n<p> Der obige Ansatz w\u00fcrde insbesondere eine einkommensabh\u00e4ngigere Anpassung von Minijob (keine Beitragskosten) zu Mindestbeitrag (derzeit ca. 2000 Euro\/Monat) erlauben. Beitragsmindereinahmen  auf Seiten der Krankenkassen k\u00f6nnen beispielsweise durch Anpassung der Beitragsobergrenzen (auch f\u00fcr private Krankenkassen) ausgeglichen werden.<br \/>\nBei Einf\u00fchrung einer zus\u00e4tzlichen Pflichtabgabe f\u00fcr die Rentenversicherung m\u00fcsste dies eine dementsprechende Anpassung (Verringerung bei kleinem Einkommen) der anderen Sozialbeitr\u00e4ge beinhalten. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Since randform is an english language blog there are actually not too many german randform readers. That is, according to our blog statistics, alone the readers from Ukraine and Russia usually exceed on average our german readership (I don&#8217;t know though how much of that should be attributed to bots). So I would like to [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[13,15,33],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.randform.org\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4781"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.randform.org\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.randform.org\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.randform.org\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.randform.org\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4781"}],"version-history":[{"count":16,"href":"https:\/\/www.randform.org\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4781\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4797,"href":"https:\/\/www.randform.org\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4781\/revisions\/4797"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.randform.org\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4781"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.randform.org\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4781"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.randform.org\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4781"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}